When a capital fell, a handful of foreigners stayed behind and tried to hold back the worst.
An American missionary opened the gates of one kind of school to thousands of terrified women fleeing invading soldiers. What kind of school?
A girls' college Minnie Vautrin turned Ginling Girls College, inside the Nanking Safety Zone, into a refuge that sheltered up to 10,000 women during the Japanese army's massacre of Nanjing in 1937.
Westerners trying to protect Chinese civilians picked a German businessman as their leader partly because he belonged to a notorious political party. Which one?
The Nazi Party John Rabe's party membership and Germany's pact with Japan gave him clout, and the Safety Zone his committee ran is credited with saving at least 200,000 lives.
Before Japanese troops reached Nanjing, villages, barracks and forests around the city were burned to the ground. Who lit those fires?
The city's own defenders The Chinese garrison used a scorched-earth policy near the city gates, destroying property worth tens of millions of dollars so the invaders couldn't use it.
To stop warplanes from bombing a cement factory packed with refugees, its young guard painted something enormous on the roof. What was it?
His country's flag Bernhard Sindberg, a Dane, knew Japan wasn't hostile to Denmark, so he painted a giant Danish flag on the roof and sheltered thousands of civilians inside.
After the war, a prince linked to the order to "kill all captives" never faced a courtroom. What shielded him?
Royal family membership General Iwane Matsui was convicted and executed, but Prince Yasuhiko Asaka was granted immunity as a member of the imperial family and never tried.
